Crossword Clue:

Stripped

Answer	Crossword Clue
DISROBED	Stripped
BAREDITALL	Stripped
NUDE	Stripped

PEELEDOFF	Stripped
DENUDED	Stripped
DIVESTED	Stripped
DENUDED	Stripped.
BARED	Stripped
NUDE	Stripped.
PEELED	Stripped
NAKED	Stripped

BARE	Stripped
PEELED	Stripped (off)
RID	Stripped (of)
NUDE	Completely stripped
BEREFT	Stripped (of)
DEBRIEFED	Stripped bare?
BEREFT	Stripped of
PEELED	Stripped off.

NAKEDASAJAYBIRD	Stripped down?
SEALED	Weather-stripped
DENUDED	Stripped bare
STREAK	Bolt stripped?
CAULKED	Weather-stripped
DRAGSTER	Stripped racing car
GEARS	They're occasionally stripped
STARK	Stripped of nonessentials.

PHRASE	Stripped-down sentence
PLOTLINE	Stripped-down story
KRENG	Whale's stripped carcass.
GEARS	They're sometimes stripped
STARKNAKED	Stripped of everything
PLAINPLANE	Stripped-down aircraft?
SASH	Weather-stripped item
STREAMLINED	Stripped of nonessentials

STREAMLINED	Stripped of nonessentials.
HULKS	Stripped-down vehicles
NETBOOK	Stripped-down laptop
DEALATE	Stripped of wings.
RESTORED	Stripped and stained, maybe